Study: Cannabis Use and Misuse in Canada (2025)



Since the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada in 2018, the landscape of cannabis consumption has undergone significant changes. Recent studies and surveys provide insights into current usage patterns, misuse rates, and the broader implications for public health.​

Rising Cannabis Consumption

According to the Canadian Cannabis Survey 2024, 26% of Canadians aged 16 and older reported using cannabis for non-medical purposes in the past year, a modest increase from 22% in 2018. Usage remains highest among young adults aged 20–24, with 48% reporting use, followed by 41% of those aged 16–19. ​

Daily or almost daily use (defined as 5 or more days per week) was reported by 24% of users, with males (26%) more likely than females (21%) to consume cannabis frequently

Shifts in Misuse Patterns

A longitudinal study conducted by researchers from St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University analyzed data from 1,428 adults over five years. The study found that while cannabis use frequency increased modestly post-legalization, instances of cannabis misuse, as measured by the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test – Revised (CUDIT-R), decreased slightly. ​

This suggests that although more Canadians are using cannabis, a smaller proportion are developing problematic usage patterns

Legal vs. Illicit Sources

The proportion of users obtaining cannabis from legal sources has risen significantly, from 37% in 2019 to 72% in 2024. Conversely, those accessing cannabis through illegal means dropped to 3% in 2024, down from 16% in 2019. ​

This shift indicates increased trust in regulated markets and suggests that legalization may be effective in reducing illicit cannabis trade

Health Implications and Public Safety

Despite the rise in usage, certain risky behaviors have declined. Notably, the percentage of individuals reporting driving after cannabis use decreased from 27% in 2018 to 18% in 2024.

However, concerns remain regarding the long-term health effects of cannabis, especially among adolescents. Research indicates that adolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risks of cognitive impairments and mental health issues, including anxiety and depression

Conclusion

The Canadian experience post-legalization presents a nuanced picture: while cannabis use has increased, misuse rates have not escalated proportionally, and reliance on legal sources has grown. These trends suggest that legalization, coupled with effective regulation and public education, can mitigate some risks associated with cannabis consumption.​

Ongoing research and monitoring are essential to understand the long-term impacts of these shifts and to inform policies that promote public health and safety.

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